Malignant Melanoma and How we Can Protect Ourselves From It

Written by: Edris Formuli

Malignant Melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer that accounts for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths (American Cancer Society, 2020). However, the Canadian Cancer Society (n.d.) states that it is also one of the most preventable types of cancer. So how can Canadians protect themselves?

By stage 4 of this cancer, you only have a 15-20% survival rate. However, this is one of the most preventable cancers (Canadian Cancer Society, n.d.

What is Melanoma?

Melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer, develops in the cells (melanocytes) that produce melanin — the pigment that gives your skin its colour (Mayo Clinic, 2018).

When does it become malignant?

When melanoma advances to stage 3, it means the tumour has spread to the lymph nodes or the skin around the primary tumour and lymph nodes. By stage 4, the cancer metastasizes beyond the lymph nodes, commonly attacking the internal organs. The most common places melanoma spreads are to the lungs.

(Holland, 2020).

Cause

UV radiation from sources such as the sun or tanning beds are the greatest contributors to this cancer (Mayo Clinic, 2018). As a result of exposure to excessive UV light, the DNA of the skin cells may become damaged.

Risk Factors

Fair skin
Light-coloured eyes
Excessive UV light
Many moles on the body
Family history of Melanoma
Weakened immune system

How Can You Prevent it?

Wear sunscreen all year round
Avoid artificial tans
Always check your skin for any changing features on your skin. Features on the skin include moles, birthmarks and freckles.

(Mayo Clinic, 2018)